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Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

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Proofreading

Proofreading

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Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Authors' reply

Amir Krivoy¹, Ran D Balicer¹, Becca Feldman¹

¹Amir Krivoy, Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Email: amir.krivoy@gmail.com; Ran D. Balicer, Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Becca Feldman, Moshe Hoshen, Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel; Gil Zalsman, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, and Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA; Abraham Weizman, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Gal Shoval, Clalit Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science

|September 3, 2015

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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