Elements of effective clinical supervision

Nursing students have clinical supervision. So, too, do RNs working in psychiatric settings and those in private practice. The ANA certification requires access to clinical supervision or consultation. How is this ideal turned into reality? Who provides clinical supervision to working RNs? Do such supervisors use a model or do they practice impressionistically? What do practitioners mean when they talk about supervision? Does that differ from actual practice? How do clinical supervision and therapy differ? The authors explore these questions and provide examples from their own clinical experience.