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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Related Experiment Video

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Keeping circadian time with hormones.

E Challet1

  • 1Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hormonal rhythms are key internal time-givers for circadian clocks, influencing metabolism and behavior. Proper timing of endocrine therapies can help reset these clocks and mitigate risks like diabetes and obesity.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmdesynchronizationdiabetesfeeding timeghrelinglucocorticoidinsulinleptinmelatoninmetabolic disturbancesobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Regulation

Background:

  • Daily physiological and behavioral rhythms are governed by coupled circadian clocks.
  • The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) master clock synchronizes peripheral clocks via neuronal and hormonal signals.
  • Light is a primary synchronizer, but feeding times also reset peripheral clocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the underappreciated role of neuroendocrine rhythms in circadian regulation.
  • To demonstrate that hormonal rhythms act as crucial internal time-givers.
  • To review the involvement of specific hormones in circadian synchronization and metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian clocks and hormonal signaling.
  • Analysis of the roles of glucocorticoids, melatonin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin in circadian timing.
  • Examination of the consequences of circadian desynchronization on metabolic regulation.

Main Results:

  • Hormonal rhythms, including adrenal glucocorticoids, pineal melatonin, and adipocyte leptin, are essential for synchronizing the multi-oscillatory circadian network.
  • Pancreatic insulin synchronizes peripheral clocks with feeding schedules, while ghrelin signals anticipate mealtime.
  • Circadian desynchronization, often from shift work or jet lag, disrupts metabolic regulation, increasing risks for diabetes and obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Hormonal rhythms are fundamental to internal time-giving and circadian network synchronization.
  • Dysregulation of these hormonal rhythms contributes to internal desynchronization and elevated metabolic risks.
  • Strategic timing of endocrine therapies can be used to adjust master and peripheral circadian clocks, potentially improving metabolic health.