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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Assessment of Thermal Damage from Robot-Drilled Craniotomy for Cranial Window Surgery in Mice
Published on: November 11, 2022
Andrew C Palmisano1, Bruce L Tai2, Barry Belmont3
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Sequential bone drilling causes heat accumulation, with Kirschner wires (K wires) generating more heat than twist drills. Reducing drill passes may minimize bone injury during repetitive drilling procedures.
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