Genetic analysis for rice grain quality traits in the YVB stable variant line using RAD-seq

The future of rice breeding will likely be built on the basis of the further utilization of heterosis between elite cultivars and genetic resources from distant subspecies of rice. Previous studies have proved that exogenous genomic DNA transformation methods can be used to transfer genetic information from distant relatives (donor) into cultivated rice (recipient). However, the mechanism underlying this form of genetic transfer is poorly characterized, and the genes that cause the phenotypic changes in these variants are typically difficult to identify. This study examined YVB, a stable variant line with greatly improved grain quality traits that was derived from an indica variety (V20B) by transferring genomic DNA of O.minuta through the "spike-stalk injection method (SIM)". We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing technology (RAD-seq) to evaluate a population of BC1F5 backcross lines (YVB × V20B); the RAD-seq data were used to construct a genetic linkage map with high-density SNPs for use in association analysis exploring genotype-phenotype relationships at the whole-genome level. A total of 17 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rice quality traits were mapped to chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9. 8 major QTLs controlling different phenotypic variations were mapped to the same region of chromosome 5. This region contained the GS5 gene for grain weight and the qSW5/GW5 gene for grain width. This study provides new resources and insights into the molecular mechanisms of grain trait phenotypic variation and the transmission of genetic information via the introduction of genomic DNA to a distantly related crop relative species.