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Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Machine-learning to characterise neonatal functional connectivity in the preterm brain.

G Ball1, P Aljabar1, T Arichi1

  • 1Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Neuroimage
|September 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth alters brain development, affecting functional connectivity by term-equivalent age. Machine learning identified specific network differences, distinguishing preterm infants from healthy controls with 80% accuracy.

Keywords:
Brain developmentPrematuritySupport vector machinesfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Preterm birth significantly impacts brain development, leading to structural changes detectable by term-equivalent age.
  • While structural alterations are known, the functional consequences of preterm birth on brain connectivity remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity in preterm infants compared to term-born neonates.
  • To test the hypothesis that preterm birth causes specific functional connectivity changes by term-equivalent age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized machine learning, including group-independent component analysis and graphical lasso, to analyze functional connectivity networks.
  • Employed random forest and nonlinear support vector machine for feature selection and subject classification.
  • Analyzed data from 105 preterm infants and 26 term-born controls.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 80% cross-validated classification accuracy in distinguishing preterm from term infants based on functional connectivity.
  • Identified specific discriminative functional connectivity edges, primarily stronger in term neonates.
  • Found that half of these discriminative edges involved the basal ganglia, highlighting subcortical alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm birth leads to significant alterations in brain functional connectivity by term-equivalent age.
  • These findings confirm and specify connectivity changes between subcortical structures and cortical regions in preterm infants.