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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

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A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
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This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Analysing DHPC/DMPC bicelles by diffusion NMR and multivariate decomposition.

Johannes Björnerås¹, Mathias Nilsson², Lena Mäler¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics,The Arrhenius laboratory,Stockholm University,10691 Stockholm,Sweden.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|September 6, 2015

Summary

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion data and speedy component resolution (SCORE) analysis reveal bicelle formation in DMPC/DHPC lipid mixtures. Bicelles exhibit classical morphology above 50 mM total lipid concentration.

Keywords:

Bicelles DHPC DMPC Diffusion NMR SCORE

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Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Lipid Self-Assembly
Membrane Biophysics

Background:

Bicelles, formed from lipid and detergent mixtures, are crucial model systems for membrane studies.
Understanding bicelle phase behavior and morphology is essential but challenging due to complex mixture interactions.
Existing methods often struggle to resolve overlapping spectral data from complex lipid mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase behavior and morphology of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) mixtures.
To determine the concentration range for classical bicelle formation using advanced NMR techniques.
To demonstrate the utility of NMR diffusion data combined with SCORE for analyzing complex lipid mixtures.

Main Methods:

Utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements.
Applied the multivariate processing method speedy component resolution (SCORE) to analyze overlapping spectra.
Studied DMPC/DHPC mixtures with a relative concentration q=0.5 across total lipid concentrations from 15 to 300 mM.

Main Results:

Successfully resolved overlapping spectra to obtain reliable diffusion coefficients for lipid concentrations from 15 to 300 mM.
Diffusion coefficients indicated bicelle-sized assemblies (classical morphology) for DMPC/DHPC mixtures at total lipid concentrations above 50 mM.
Observed a shift towards larger assemblies at lower concentrations (<50 mM), suggesting a change in morphology.

Conclusions:

A broad concentration range above 50 mM is suitable for reliable classical bicelle formation in q=0.5 DMPC/DHPC mixtures.
The combined NMR diffusion and SCORE approach accurately determines physical properties, including diffusion coefficients and chemical shifts, from complex mixtures.
This methodology is valuable for analyzing the behavior of other intricate lipid systems.