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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.

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Practical Guide and Best Practices for Diffusion NMR Processing With GNAT.

Tadeu Luiz Gomes Cabral1, Guilherme Dal Poggetto2, Claudio F Tormena1

  • 1Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC
|May 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide introduces the General NMR Analysis Toolbox (GNAT) for processing diffusion-NMR data. It provides a standardized workflow to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Diffusion-NMR, including diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), is crucial for characterizing molecular properties in solution.
  • Inconsistent data processing hinders reproducibility and comparability in diffusion-NMR studies.
  • Lack of standardized protocols limits the widespread adoption of reliable DOSY analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a clear, step-by-step guide for processing diffusion-NMR data using the General NMR Analysis Toolbox (GNAT).
  • To emphasize best practices, quality control, and common pitfalls in DOSY data analysis.
  • To promote standardized, reproducible workflows for improved transparency and data comparability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the General NMR Analysis Toolbox (GNAT), a free, open-source platform.
  • Detailed workflow covering data import, preprocessing, and signal selection.
  • Step-by-step diffusion fitting, model selection, and results validation.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive guide for processing diffusion-NMR data with GNAT.
  • Emphasis on quality control and identification of common pitfalls.
  • Recommendations for reporting diffusion parameters and associated uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized, reproducible workflows enhance the quality and comparability of diffusion-NMR studies.
  • The GNAT platform and this guide aim to improve transparency in DOSY analysis.
  • Promoting open-source tools fosters consistency and rigor in scientific research.