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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Hepatocellular carcinoma and lifestyles
Uttara Saran1, Bostjan Humar2, Philippe Kolly1
1Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland; University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
Lifestyle choices significantly impact hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) risk. Physical activity can reduce this risk, even without metabolic disorders, by counteracting obesity and diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Hepatobiliary diseases
- Oncology
- Metabolic syndrome
Background:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises from chronic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis.
- Lifestyle factors are increasingly linked to HCC development.
- Obesity and diabetes mellitus are global epidemics associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increased HCC risk, independent of cirrhosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the association between lifestyle factors and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- To evaluate the role of physical activity in mitigating HCC risk.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review on lifestyle factors and HCC.
- Analysis of emerging data on physical activity and cancer risk.
Main Results:
- Sedentary lifestyles and energy-rich diets contribute to obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD, all linked to HCC.
- Physical activity shows potential to counteract obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
- Physical activity demonstrates anticancer effects, reducing HCC risk even in the absence of metabolic disorders.
Conclusions:
- Lifestyle modifications, particularly increased physical activity, are crucial for HCC prevention.
- Physical activity offers a promising strategy to reduce liver cancer burden.
- Further research into lifestyle interventions for HCC is warranted.
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