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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
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3-D microarray and its microfabrication-free fluidic immunoassay device.

Yingshuai Liu1, Yuanyuan Zhang1, Zhisong Lu1

  • 1Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid Diagnosis of Dread Disease, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|September 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3-D microarray significantly boosts sensing spot density and assay speed. This innovative device enables rapid, sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum, promising enhanced clinical diagnostics.

Keywords:
3-Dimensional microarrayCancer biomarkersFlow-through immunoassayHigh-throughputMicrofabrication-free

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional 2-D microarrays face limitations in sensing spot density due to the need for inter-spot spacing to prevent cross-talk.
  • High-throughput detection is crucial for clinical diagnostics, but current methods can be hindered by density limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a conceptual 3-D microarray device for significantly improving sensing spot density.
  • To develop a microfabrication-free fluidic immunoassay device utilizing the 3-D array for enhanced performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3-D microarray by coupling an antibody-arrayed glass cuboid into a circular glass tube.
  • Development of a flow-through immunoassay protocol using the 3-D array device.
  • Detection of cancer biomarkers (AFP and CEA) in human serum using the developed assay.

Main Results:

  • Achieved detection limits of 10-100 pg/mL for AFP and CEA.
  • Demonstrated a wide dynamic range of 4-5 orders of magnitude.
  • Confirmed significantly increased sensing spot density and enhanced mass transport for rapid immunoassays.

Conclusions:

  • The 3-D microarray device offers a substantial increase in sensing spot density compared to 2-D arrays.
  • The developed fluidic immunoassay demonstrates rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput detection of cancer biomarkers.
  • The 3-D microarray holds great promise for practical clinical applications in diagnostics.