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Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience.

Dina R Dajani1, Lucina Q Uddin2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.

Trends in Neurosciences
|September 8, 2015
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Cognitive flexibility, crucial for adapting behavior, develops slowly and is impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders. Further research is needed to understand its neural basis and improve clinical study.

Keywords:
attentionautismbrain networkdynamic functional connectivityexecutive functioninhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive flexibility enables switching between mental processes for adaptive responses.
  • Its development is protracted and it is impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The neural basis of cognitive flexibility, distinct from or within the executive control network (ECN), remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging studies on cognitive flexibility, focusing on set shifting and task switching.
  • To propose a more consistent operationalization and study of cognitive flexibility in neuroscience.
  • To suggest future research directions, particularly the link between neural and cognitive flexibility.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of neuroimaging studies.
  • Focus on set shifting and task switching paradigms.
  • Analysis of findings related to the executive control network (ECN).

Main Results:

  • Cognitive flexibility shows protracted development and is affected in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The precise neural substrates underlying cognitive flexibility are not fully elucidated.
  • Existing research highlights the role of the executive control network (ECN).

Conclusions:

  • Consistent operationalization of cognitive flexibility is essential for clinical and developmental neuroscience.
  • Future research should investigate the relationship between neural flexibility and cognitive flexibility.
  • Understanding this relationship is key for typical and atypical development research.