Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Clinical and Radiological Considerations

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Gastroenterology
• Radiology

Background:

• Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction.
• The condition arises due to compression of the duodenum by the overlying SMA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical experience with SMA syndrome management.
• To raise awareness of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of patient records from October 1995 to January 2012.
• Diagnosis confirmed via radiological investigations, including gastrografin/barium meal and CT scans.
• Treatment included conservative measures and surgical interventions.

Main Results:

• Seven patients (1 male, 6 females, mean age 17.1 years) were identified.
• All patients presented with vomiting and abdominal pain; six had weight loss.
• Diagnosis was not suspected clinically, relying on radiological findings.
• Four patients responded to conservative treatment; three underwent surgery (duodenojejunostomy or laparoscopic dissection).

Conclusions:

• SMA syndrome has unique radiological and endoscopic features aiding diagnosis.
• Conservative management with nutritional support and positioning is the initial treatment of choice.
• Surgery can provide a lasting cure for unresponsive cases.