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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
Published on: August 28, 2021
[Four numbers and basic knowledge of mathematics]
Abstract:
Results of clinical trials are presented in different expressions of risks: baseline risk, relative risk (RR), relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), or risk difference (RD). In this article of our series about the basics of evidence-based medicine we show how results of clinical trials are calculated based on the 2 x 2-table. The 2 x 2-table usually contains all information needed to calculate the main study results. Adequate interpretation of the results/treatment effects is the basis for evidence-based advices in pharmaceutical practice.
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