Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

52.6K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
52.6K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

46.7K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
46.7K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

58.9K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
58.9K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

8.9K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
8.9K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

13.8K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
13.8K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

1.3K
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure of the snapping shrimps' acoustical activity in the Black Sea shallow water.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2020
Same author

Background firing in the auditory midbrain of the frog.

IBRO reports·2018
Same author

[Changes in the intragastric contents during sleep affect the statistical characteristics of the neuronal activity in cerebral cortex].

Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova·2015
Same author

[About the problem of bursting in spontaneous neuronal activity at the periphery of the frog auditory pathway].

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii·2014
Same author

[General statistical characteristics of the background firing in cat's cortical neurons during slow-wave sleep].

Rossiiskii fiziologicheskii zhurnal imeni I.M. Sechenova·2013
Same author

[Adaptation of differential sensitivity of auditory neurons to amplitude modulation after a sharp change of signal intensity].

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
11:45

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

Published on: February 10, 2011

19.2K

[Some Features of Sound Signal Envelope by the Frog's Cochlear Nucleus Neurons].

N G Bibikov

    Biofizika
    |September 10, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Grass frog auditory neurons show specialization in processing sound amplitude changes. Neurons respond best to specific parts of sound envelopes, particularly rising amplitudes, indicating temporal feature detection in the auditory pathway.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Bioacoustics

    Context:

    • Studying the auditory system of the grass frog (Rana temporaria).
    • Investigating neural processing of complex sound stimuli in the auditory pathway.
    • Utilizing extracellular recordings of single neuron responses in the medullar auditory center.

    Purpose:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of different sound envelope fragments in generating neuron pulse discharges.
    • To determine the temporal characteristics of auditory neuron responses to modulated tonal signals.
    • To assess the specialization of neural elements in the auditory pathway for detecting temporal features of sound.

    Summary:

    • Single neurons in the grass frog's auditory medulla were recorded using tonal signals modulated by low-frequency noise (0-150 Hz).

    More Related Videos

    Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana
    12:07

    Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

    Published on: March 17, 2017

    17.4K
    Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
    09:54

    Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

    Published on: May 10, 2019

    12.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

    Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
    11:45

    Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

    Published on: February 10, 2011

    19.2K
    Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana
    12:07

    Physiological Preparation of Hair Cells from the Sacculus of the American Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

    Published on: March 17, 2017

    17.4K
    Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
    09:54

    Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

    Published on: May 10, 2019

    12.8K
  • A correlation method identified that the amplitude rise from mean to maximum was the most effective envelope fragment for neuron activation.
  • The amplitude fall from maximum to mean was the second most effective fragment, with some neurons showing preference for rising amplitudes even below the mean, especially with low-frequency (0-15 Hz) signals.

    • Impact:

    • Reveals specialization within the auditory pathway for processing temporal aspects of sound.
    • Demonstrates that even in the medulla oblongata, neural elements are tuned to specific time intervals within sound stimuli.
    • Highlights that this neural specialization is most pronounced for slowly varying amplitude signals, suggesting adaptive processing strategies.