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Trends in Oral Antibiotic, Proton Pump Inhibitor, and Histamine 2 Receptor Blocker Prescription Patterns for Children

Howard S Faden1, Chan-Xing Ma2

  • 1University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA hfaden@upa.chob.edu.

Clinical Pediatrics
|September 10, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use rose in adults, while PPI and histamine 2 receptor blocker (H2B) use increased in children. High outpatient use of these medications may drive Clostridium difficile infections.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Pediatric and Adult Medicine

Background:

  • Community antibiotic, proton pump inhibitor (PPI), and histamine 2 receptor blocker (H2B) prescribing patterns are crucial for understanding medication use trends.
  • Previous research indicates shifts in medication prescribing for various conditions in both pediatric and adult populations.
  • The potential link between outpatient medication use and the increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the trends in the use of antibiotics, PPIs, and H2Bs between children and adults in a community setting from 2005 to 2011.
  • To identify significant changes in prescription rates for these medication classes within pediatric and adult populations over the study period.
  • To analyze age-related differences in the prescribing patterns of antibiotics, PPIs, and H2Bs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of community-based outpatient prescription data from 2005 to 2011.
  • Comparison of prescription rates for antibiotics, PPIs, and H2Bs between pediatric (<18 years) and adult populations.
  • Statistical analysis to determine the significance of trends and differences in prescription rates (e.g., P-values).

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic prescription rates remained stable in children but increased significantly in adults (P = .03).
  • PPI prescription rates increased significantly in both children (P = .02) and adults (P = .009).
  • H2B prescription rates increased in children (P = .03) but not in adults. Antibiotic use was higher in children, while PPI and H2B use were higher in adults, except for H2B in infants <1 year old.

Conclusions:

  • Significant increases in adult antibiotic use and pediatric/adult PPI use were observed.
  • Higher prescription rates of antibiotics in children and PPIs/H2Bs in adults highlight distinct demographic prescribing patterns.
  • The widespread outpatient use of antibiotics, PPIs, and H2Bs may be a contributing factor to the rising incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection.

Keywords:
antibioticscommunity Clostridium difficilehistamine 2 receptor blockersoutpatientsprescription patternsproton pump inhibitors

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