Changes in Corneal Transparency After Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus: Long-term Follow-up

To determine long-term changes in corneal transparency after riboflavin-ultraviolet A-induced corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

Charts and anterior segment data of patients after CXL for progressive keratoconus were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were examined using the Scheimpflug-based Pentacam corneal densitometry module (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany) before CXL and at five postoperative follow-up visits: 1 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, and 24 to 36 months.

Forty-two eyes of 28 patients (mean age: 27.9 ± 8.6 years) were included. Total corneal light backscatter was higher 1 to 3 months after CXL than before CXL (P < .001). There were significant differences, especially in the anterior (P < .001) and central (P < .001) layer at total diameter and posterior layer (P = .014) and the three central annuli at total corneal thickness (0 to 2 mm: P < .001; 2 to 6 mm: P < .001; 6 to 10 mm: P = .002). Total corneal light backscatter at total corneal thickness and total diameter faded over time following CXL. The backscatter was significantly lower 24 to 36 months after CXL than before CXL (P < .001).

Corneal densitometry peaks in the first months after CXL and returns to preoperative values approximately 1 year after CXL. Two years after CXL, corneal densitometry reaches values obtained for healthy, untreated corneas, thus achieving an improvement in corneal clarity over untreated keratoconic corneas.