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Genetics of gonadal stem cell renewal

Leah Joy Greenspan1, Margaret de Cuevas1, Erika Matunis1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; email: lgreens6@jhmi.edu , decuevas@jhmi.edu , ematuni1@jhmi.edu.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 11, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Stem cell niches regulate tissue maintenance. Disruptions in these signals, from mutations or damage, can alter stem cell fate and drive competition in gonadal tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Stem cells are crucial for adult tissue maintenance.
  • The stem cell microenvironment, or niche, provides signals regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
  • Misregulation of niche signals can lead to stem cell pool imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review signals regulating gonadal stem cells within their niches.
  • To discuss how these signals mediate self-renewal and differentiation under homeostatic conditions.
  • To examine how stress impacts stem cell fate and drives competition.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on Drosophila testis and ovary stem cell niches.
  • Incorporate findings from the mouse testis stem cell system.
  • Review existing literature on stem cell signaling and niche interactions.

Main Results:

  • Gonadal stem cells are regulated by specific niche-derived signals.
  • These signals maintain stem cell self-renewal and differentiation under normal conditions.
  • Stress, mutations, or damage can disrupt normal signaling, leading to altered cell fate and stem cell competition.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell niche signaling is essential for tissue homeostasis.
  • Understanding these signals is key to addressing stem cell-related disorders.
  • The Drosophila and mouse models provide valuable insights into stem cell regulation and response to stress.
Keywords:
competitiongermline stem cellsnicheoogenesisself-renewalsomatic stem cellsspermatogenesistransdifferentiation

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