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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

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Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
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[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery].

A L Goncharov1, D A Fedorchenko1, Iu A Vinogradov1

  • 1City Clinical Hospital No24, Moscow Department of Health.

Khirurgiia
|September 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is effective for rectal tumors below 10-11 cm. Careful patient selection and full-layer resection minimize complications and recurrence for benign and early malignant rectal tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Colorectal surgery
  • Minimally invasive procedures
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Rectal tumors pose significant treatment challenges.
  • Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) offers a minimally invasive approach.
  • Evaluating TEM's efficacy and safety is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the outcomes of TEM for rectal tumors.
  • To determine the role of TEM in treating benign and early malignant rectal neoplasms.
  • To assess immediate and remote results of TEM interventions.

Summary:

  • A study of 56 patients undergoing TEM for rectal tumors (adenoma 80%, adenocarcinoma 20%) with tumors located below 11 cm.
  • Postoperative complications occurred in 7% of patients, with no mortality.

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Surgical Robot-Assisted Transanal Specimen Extraction Radical Sigmoidectomy Without an Auxiliary Abdominal Incision
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  • TEM demonstrated effectiveness for benign and early malignant rectal tumors, with low complication and recurrence rates when patients are carefully selected.

    • Impact:

    • TEM is a viable and effective treatment for select rectal tumors.
    • Recommendations include using TEM for tumors below 10-11 cm and up to 3-4 cm in diameter.
    • Full-layer resection is advised for all benign tumor operations due to potential malignancy.