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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals
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Single nucleotide polymorphism-based dispersal estimates using noninvasive sampling.

Anita J Norman1, Göran Spong1

  • 1Molecular Ecology Group, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden.

Ecology and Evolution
|September 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a method using noninvasive samples and 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate brown bear dispersal. Males dispersed significantly farther (33.8 km) than females (12.9 km), confirming male-biased dispersal patterns.

Keywords:
CarnivoreSNPsUrsus arctoscitizen scienceisolation-by-distancenatal dispersalpedigree reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife ecology
  • Population genetics
  • Conservation biology

Background:

  • Estimating animal dispersal is crucial for conservation but technically challenging.
  • High-resolution sampling is vital for capturing dispersal events accurately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for estimating individual-based dispersal distance using noninvasively collected samples.
  • To apply this method to the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in Sweden.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a specialized panel of 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic analysis.
  • Collected fecal samples from 433 unique brown bears across 45,000 km² using citizen science.
  • Reconstructed pedigrees and estimated Euclidean distances between mother-offspring pairs.

Main Results:

  • The developed SNP panel enabled pedigree reconstruction and dispersal estimation.
  • Mean dispersal distances were 12.9 km for females and 33.8 km for males.
  • A significant difference in dispersal distance (P=0.02) confirmed male-biased dispersal.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of high-resolution noninvasive sampling and specialized SNPs is effective for dispersal studies.
  • The findings support established patterns of male-biased dispersal in brown bears.
  • This approach offers a powerful tool for wildlife dispersal research and conservation.