Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Two Omani Children with Underlying Renal Diseases

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Pediatrics
• Radiology

Background:

• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder characterized by specific clinical and radiological findings.
• PRES typically presents with symptoms such as headaches, confusion, seizures, visual disturbances, and altered consciousness.
• Classic MRI findings include subcortical and cortical edema, predominantly in the posterior brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report two pediatric cases of PRES associated with underlying renal diseases.
• To highlight the role of hypertension as a significant risk factor in pediatric PRES.
• To emphasize the importance of MRI in diagnosing and prognosticating PRES.

Main Methods:

• Case report of two pediatric patients presenting with PRES.
• Review of clinical symptoms, radiological findings (MRI), and underlying conditions.
• Documentation of treatment and follow-up outcomes.

Main Results:

• Two pediatric patients with PRES and renal diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus and nephrotic syndrome) were identified.
• Both patients were hypertensive and received blood pressure control medication.
• No residual neurological deficits were observed at follow-up.

Conclusions:

• Hypertension is a critical risk factor in pediatric PRES.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for PRES diagnosis and prognosis.
• Timely diagnosis and aggressive management are vital to prevent irreversible neurological damage.