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Generating neuronal diversity in the mammalian cerebral cortex
Simona Lodato1, Paola Arlotta1
1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; email: paola_arlotta@harvard.edu , simona_lodato@harvard.edu.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 12, 2015
Summary
The neocortex exhibits remarkable neuronal diversity crucial for higher brain functions. This review explores its structure, classification, development, and functional impact on brain connectivity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Brain Structure and Function
Background:
- The neocortex governs complex functions like cognition and sensory perception.
- Neocortical neuronal diversity is vast but incompletely understood functionally.
- Understanding this diversity is key to deciphering brain mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the neocortex's structural organization.
- To discuss current classifications of neocortical neuronal diversity.
- To explore the developmental principles shaping this diversity and its functional implications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neocortical structure and development.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on neuronal classification.
- Analysis of mechanisms driving neuronal diversity.
Main Results:
- Detailed overview of the neocortex's structural blueprint.
- Discussion of existing neuronal classification systems.
- Explanation of developmental processes generating neuronal diversity.
Conclusions:
- Neocortical neuronal diversity is a product of intricate developmental mechanisms.
- Neuronal class identity significantly influences cortical connectivity and function.
- Further research is needed to fully map and classify functional neuronal types.
