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Allergy to Surgical Implants.

Karin A Pacheco1

  • 1Division of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colo.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|September 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical implants can cause atypical allergic reactions, leading to device failure. Identifying specific implant components is crucial for diagnosing metal sensitization and improving patient care.

Keywords:
Chromium: Bone cementCobaltJoint replacementsMetal sensitizationMethacrylatesNickelOrthopedic implantsPatch testing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Surgical implants are widely used in orthopedics, cardiology, gynecology, and dentistry.
  • Commonly used metals and polymers in implants can elicit immunological responses.
  • Allergic reactions to implants often manifest as device failure rather than typical rashes.

Observation:

  • Atypical symptoms like pain, swelling, and loosening can indicate implant-related hypersensitivity.
  • Nickel, cobalt, chromium, and methacrylate cements are frequent culprits in metal sensitization.
  • Identifying specific implant materials is challenging but essential for diagnosis.

Findings:

  • This review guides clinicians in assessing patient history and identifying implant components.
  • It details methods for testing metal and cement sensitization.
  • Understanding immune stimulation pathways aids in diagnosis and management.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of implant hypersensitivity can prevent device failure.
  • Allergists and dermatologists play a key role in managing these complex cases.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies can enhance surgical outcomes and patient well-being.