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Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication

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Negative refraction in molybdenum disulfide.

Wenhui Wang, Xudong Cui, Erchan Yang

|September 15, 2015

Summary

Researchers demonstrate negative refraction in bulk Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), overcoming limitations of previous materials. This discovery enables negative refraction across a wide range of incident angles, paving the way for optical integration.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Optics

Background:

Negative refraction has been observed in uniaxial crystals, but practical applications are limited by a small anisotropy parameter (γ).
This limitation restricts negative refraction to a narrow range of incident light angles, hindering widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate negative refraction in bulk Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) due to its pronounced anisotropic behavior.
To explore the potential of MoS2 as a material for novel optical applications.

Main Methods:

First-principles calculations were employed to determine the dielectric function and refractive index of MoS2.
Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations were used to model light propagation and negative refraction phenomena.

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Main Results:

MoS2 exhibits a uniaxial characteristic with a calculated anisotropy parameter (γ) greater than 2.5 across the visible spectrum.
The critical incident angle for negative refraction in bulk MoS2 extends up to 90°.
FDTD simulations confirmed negative refraction of incident light (59.5% density) in a 0.1 µm thick MoS2 slab.

Conclusions:

Bulk MoS2 demonstrates significant anisotropic properties, enabling negative refraction over a broad range of incident angles.
The findings suggest MoS2 and similar materials are promising candidates for advanced optical integration and devices.