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    Three real-time methods for object-phase recovery in temporal speckle-pattern interferometry were compared. These novel techniques improve accuracy and reduce computation time without the Hilbert transform, enhancing phase recovery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Metrology
    • Interferometry
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Temporal speckle-pattern interferometry (TSPI) is crucial for non-destructive testing and deformation analysis.
    • Accurate object-phase recovery is essential for reliable measurements in TSPI.
    • Existing methods often face challenges with non-stationary data and computational efficiency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement and compare three real-time object-phase recovery methods for TSPI.
    • To evaluate the performance of empirical mode and intrinsic time-scale decompositions as filtering techniques.
    • To assess improvements in phase-recovery accuracy and computation time.

    Main Methods:

    • Real-time filtering using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD).
    • Avoidance of the Hilbert transform for phase extraction.
    • Filtering of under-modulated pixels using Delaunay triangulation.
    • Evaluation using numerical simulations and experimental data from heterodyne interferometry.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed real-time methods demonstrated effective filtering of non-stationary and nonlinear data.
    • Accuracy in phase recovery was improved by filtering under-modulated pixels.
    • Reduced computation time compared to traditional methods was observed.
    • Successful application to common and simultaneous π/2 phase-shifting heterodyne interferometry.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed real-time object-phase recovery methods offer a significant advancement for TSPI.
    • These techniques provide a more accurate and computationally efficient approach to analyzing spatio-temporal phase evolution.
    • The filtering strategies enhance measurement reliability in challenging interferometric scenarios.