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Factors associated with abnormal spirometry among HIV-infected individuals

M Bradley Drummond¹, Laurence Huang, Philip T Diaz

¹aDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland bDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California cDepartment of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio dDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland eDepartment of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California fDepartments of Medicine and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania gDivision of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York hClinical Trials and Survey Corporation, Owings Mills, Maryland iDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

AIDS (London, England)

|September 16, 2015

Summary

Nearly 40% of HIV-infected individuals show abnormal lung function (spirometry). Age, smoking, and past infections are key risk factors, suggesting routine spirometry screening is needed for this population.

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Individuals with HIV are prone to chronic lung diseases.
Limited data exists on the prevalence and risk factors for spirometric abnormalities in HIV-infected populations.
Understanding these factors is crucial for early detection and management of lung conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of abnormal spirometry patterns in HIV-infected individuals.
To identify risk factors associated with spirometric abnormalities.
To evaluate the performance characteristics of these risk factors.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional cohort study using US data from the Lung-HIV consortium.
Analysis of spirometry patterns in 908 HIV-infected participants.
Logistic regression to identify statistically significant risk factors.

Main Results:

37% of the cohort exhibited abnormal spirometry (27% obstructed, 10% restricted).
Independent risk factors included age, smoking status/intensity, history of Pneumocystis infection, asthma, and respiratory symptoms.
Screening five HIV-infected individuals identified two with abnormal spirometry.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion (nearly 40%) of HIV-infected individuals have abnormal spirometry.
Age, smoking, infection history, and symptoms help identify at-risk individuals.
Clinicians should consider routine spirometry screening in HIV-infected populations due to high prevalence and poor symptom predictability.

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