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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

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Frontobasal Fractures.

Ralph Litschel1, Thomas S Kühnel2, Rainer Weber3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|September 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontobasal fractures, common in head injuries, can impact vision and smell. This review focuses on diagnostic and treatment options, particularly the endoscopic endonasal approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Otolaryngology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Frontobasal fractures are a significant complication of head trauma, occurring in up to 24% of cases.
  • These fractures involve complex anatomy, potentially leading to vision and smell impairment.
  • Lethal complications include cerebrospinal fluid leaks, meningitis, and internal carotid artery bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic and treatment strategies for frontobasal fractures.
  • To highlight the utility of the endoscopic endonasal approach in managing these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic modalities for frontobasal fractures.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques, emphasizing the endoscopic endonasal approach.
  • Discussion of multidisciplinary management protocols.

Main Results:

  • The complex anatomy of the frontobasal region presents unique challenges.
  • Endoscopic endonasal surgery offers a minimally invasive option for specific fracture types.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Frontobasal fractures necessitate a comprehensive management plan.
  • The endoscopic endonasal approach is a valuable tool in the armamentarium for treating these complex injuries.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention can mitigate severe complications.