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Risk Factors for Polyautoimmunity among Patients with Celiac Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Aylin Demirezer Bolat1, Fatma Ebru Akın, Mustafa Tahtacı
1Gastroenterology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
Polyautoimmunity (PAI) affects one-third of celiac disease (CD) patients. Female gender, family history of autoimmune diseases, and vitamin D deficiency are key risk factors for PAI in CD.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder.
- Polyautoimmunity (PAI) involves multiple autoimmune diseases.
- Understanding PAI in CD is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of PAI in celiac disease patients.
- To compare clinical and laboratory features of CD patients with and without PAI.
- To identify risk factors associated with PAI in CD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective evaluation of 145 celiac disease patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014.
- Patients were categorized into CD-alone and PAI groups.
- Demographic and laboratory data were analyzed to identify risk factors.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of PAI among CD patients was 33.1% (48 out of 145).
- Risk factors for PAI included female gender, family history of autoimmune diseases, antigliadin IgG positivity, vitamin D deficiency, antinuclear antibody positivity (≥1/80), and musculoskeletal diseases.
- Significant differences in demographic and laboratory data were observed between the groups.
Conclusions:
- This study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors of PAI in CD patients.
- Early identification of risk factors can aid in exploring PAI among CD patients.
- Further large-scale prospective studies are recommended to investigate PAI risk factors and autoimmune characteristics in CD.
Aim:
To define the prevalence of polyautoimmunity (PAI) among celiac disease (CD) patients and to compare clinical and laboratory features of CD patients with or without PAI in order to determine the risk factors for PAI in CD.
Material And Method:
Patients diagnosed with CD in our clinic between 2007 and 2014 with at least 1 year of follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Totally 145 patients were included in the study. Information on patient demographics and laboratory data were obtained from patient records. The study participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was the CD-alone group consisting of patients without any other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), while group 2 was the PAI group consisting of patients with accompanying one or more AIDs.
Results:
The mean age of 145 CD patients (106 female and 39 male) included in the study was 37.2 ± 12.3 years. Of the 145 patients included, 48 (33.1%) were in the PAI group. When two groups were compared with each other in terms of the demographic features and laboratory data, the following were identified as risk factors for PAI: female gender, family history for AIDs, antigliadin IgG positivity, vitamin D deficiency, antinuclear antibody positivity ≥1/80 titer and having any musculoskeletal disease.
Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest studies in the literature on CD patients for the PAI prevalence and related risk factors. Identification of the risk factors in early stages is important to explore PAI among CD patients. Larger, prospective studies are warranted about the risk factors and autoimmune characteristics of CD.
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