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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
Published on: April 7, 2020
Characteristics Associated with Sleep Duration, Chronotype, and Social Jet Lag in Adolescents
Susan Kohl Malone1, Babette Zemel2, Charlene Compher3
1School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA malones@nursing.upenn.edu.
Abstract:
Sleep is a complex behavior with numerous health implications. Identifying sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of sleep is important for determining those at greatest risk for sleep-related health disparities. In this cross-sectional study, general linear models were used to examine sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics associated with sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag in adolescents. One hundred and fifteen participants completed Phase I (self-reported sleep measures), and 69 of these participants completed Phase II (actigraphy-estimated sleep measures). Black adolescents had shorter free night sleep than Hispanics. Youth with later chronotypes ate fewer fruits and vegetables, drank more soda, were less physically active, and took more daytime naps. Based on these findings, recommendations for individual support and school policies are provided.
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