Luxation injuries to permanent teeth -- a retrospective study of etiological factors

Trauma to permanent teeth with luxation injuries often leads to clinical treatment problems. Traumatic injury patients in local clinics are often limited in number. The aim of this investigation was to retrospectively study the etiological factors in luxation injuries to permanent teeth in relation to sex, age, time of year and diagnosis. A total of 108 files from patients, aged 6 to 19 years, with 196 teeth with luxation injuries, were collected. The maxillary central incisors represented 70% of all teeth injured and 70% of the teeth belonged to children between 8 and 12 years of age. Falls (34%) and bicycle-riding (30%) were the most frequent reasons for trauma, followed by sports (14%) and assaults (13%). Boys were more often involved in trauma. Girls were as often involved in sports accidents as boys. Subluxation was the most frequent diagnosis (77%), followed by extrusion, intrusion, exarticulation and lateral luxation. Accidents were reported most frequently during spring and early summer. A slight increase was also noted during autumn.