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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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[ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN].

Takao Fujisawa1

  • 1Allergy Center, Mie National Hospital, Japan.

Arerugi = [Allergy]
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric allergen immunotherapy shows potential for disease modification, but current evidence for symptom relief is limited. Early intervention may prevent asthma and new allergies, though safer methods are needed for young children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Allergy

Context:

  • Children possess high immune system plasticity, suggesting potential for effective allergen immunotherapy (AIT).
  • Current systematic reviews lack robust evidence for superior AIT efficacy in children regarding allergic symptom amelioration.
  • Limited studies in pediatric populations contribute to the uncertainty surrounding AIT's clinical benefits for symptom relief.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and disease-modifying potential of allergen immunotherapy in children.
  • To explore the preventive effects of AIT against asthma development and new-onset sensitization in pediatric allergic rhinitis patients.
  • To identify the challenges and needs for developing safer and more effective AIT methods for infants and young children.

Summary:

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  • While AIT in children may not yet demonstrate superior clinical efficacy for symptom reduction compared to adults, emerging evidence suggests a significant role in preventing asthma inception.
  • Allergen immunotherapy shows promise in halting the progression of allergic diseases, often termed the "allergy march," by preventing sensitization to new allergens in children.
  • The potential for AIT to stop the "allergy march" in children is a key finding, highlighting its disease-modifying capabilities.

    • Impact:

    • Findings underscore the potential of AIT as a disease-modifying treatment for pediatric allergic diseases, particularly in preventing asthma and the spread of allergies.
    • The study highlights the need for earlier AIT initiation, ideally in infancy, to maximize preventive benefits.
    • Further research and development are crucial to overcome challenges related to adverse events and administration methods, paving the way for safer and more effective pediatric AIT.