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Metacognitive processes in psychometrically defined schizotypy.

Chi C Chan1, Christopher C Spencer1, Chloe West1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

Psychiatry Research
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with high schizotypy report more dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, such as low cognitive confidence. Neural activity related to error monitoring did not differ between high schizotypy and control groups.

Keywords:
Error monitoringError-related negativityMetacognitive beliefsPsychosisSchizotypy

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Metacognitive abnormalities are linked to psychotic symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Schizotypy, characterized by traits resembling schizophrenia, may involve altered metacognition.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between self-reported schizotypy and metacognitive beliefs.
  • To examine neural activity during higher-order cognition in individuals with high schizotypy.
  • To clarify the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, neural function, and schizotypy.

Main Methods:

  • A Flanker task was used to record event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe).
  • 22 individuals with high schizotypy (using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised) and 20 controls participated.
  • Participants completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) and continuously evaluated their task performance.

Main Results:

  • The high schizotypy group scored higher on all Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 subscales.
  • No significant differences were found in task performance, self-performance evaluation accuracy, or ERP amplitudes (ERN, Pe) between groups.
  • Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 factors related to cognitive confidence and positive beliefs about worry predicted the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised total score.

Conclusions:

  • High self-reported schizotypy is more strongly associated with dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs than with physiological abnormalities in brain regions involved in metacognition.
  • Metacognitive beliefs, particularly concerning cognitive confidence and worry, may be key factors in the manifestation of schizotypal traits.
  • Future research should explore therapeutic strategies targeting metacognitive beliefs in schizotypy.