Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

3.2K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
3.2K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

9.3K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
9.3K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

6.4K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
6.4K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

8.3K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
8.3K
Obesity01:24

Obesity

1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

6.1K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
6.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular and anatomical characterization of parabrachial neurons and their axonal projections.

eLife·2022
Same author

Mislocalization of protein kinase A drives pathology in Cushing's syndrome.

Cell reports·2022
Same author

Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2022
Same author

RiboTag: Ribosomal Tagging Strategy to Analyze Cell-Type-Specific mRNA Expression In Vivo.

Current protocols in neuroscience·2019
Same author

Neuronal cAMP/PKA Signaling and Energy Homeostasis.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2018
Same author

AKAP1 Protects from Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2018
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
08:34

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

Published on: June 3, 2016

15.9K

Hypothalamic PKA regulates leptin sensitivity and adiposity.

Linghai Yang1, G Stanley McKnight1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 North East Pacific Street, Box 357280, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Nature Communications
|September 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mice lacking the RIIβ regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) show increased leptin sensitivity and resistance to obesity. This suggests RIIβ-PKA influences leptin signaling duration and metabolic response.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
09:41

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Published on: March 17, 2023

4.0K
A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
08:34

Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

Published on: June 3, 2016

15.9K
Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro
09:41

Measuring the Rate of Lipolysis in Ex Vivo Murine Adipose Tissue and Primary Preadipocytes Differentiated In Vitro

Published on: March 17, 2023

4.0K
A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • The RIIβ regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) plays a role in cellular signaling pathways.
  • Leptin is a key hormone regulating appetite and energy balance.
  • Dysregulation of leptin signaling is implicated in obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the RIIβ regulatory subunit of PKA in leptin sensitivity and obesity.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RIIβ-PKA influences leptin receptor signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RIIβ knockout (KO) mice to study the effects of RIIβ absence.
  • Administered leptin and assessed feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and hypothalamic signaling pathways (JAK/STAT3, POMC, Socs3, CREB phosphorylation).
  • Investigated the impact of selective PKA inhibition in AgRP neurons.

Main Results:

  • RIIβ KO mice exhibited reduced adiposity and resistance to diet-induced obesity.
  • Leptin administration in RIIβ KO mice led to enhanced and prolonged hypothalamic JAK/STAT3 signaling and POMC mRNA induction.
  • Fasted RIIβ KO mice showed impaired CREB phosphorylation, and selective PKA inhibition in AgRP neurons mimicked the lean phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • RIIβ-PKA signaling is crucial for modulating the duration and magnitude of leptin receptor signaling.
  • RIIβ-PKA influences hypothalamic pathways that control feeding and energy expenditure.
  • Targeting RIIβ-PKA may offer a therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders.