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Nonequilibrium is different.

T R Kirkpatrick1, J R Dorfman1

  • 1Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

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|September 19, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonequilibrium fluid systems exhibit long-range correlations absent in equilibrium. This study reveals unique system-size scaling for fluctuations and nonlocal stress correlations in a temperature-gradient driven nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS).

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Equilibrium and nonequilibrium fluid systems exhibit distinct properties, particularly regarding long-range correlations.
  • Nonequilibrium stationary states (NESS) with fixed temperature gradients are characterized by especially long-ranged correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fluctuations in temperature, pressure tensor, and heat current within a fluid under a NESS.
  • To analyze the system-size scaling of these fluctuations and identify nonlocal correlations.

Main Methods:

  • Examining a fluid in a nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) with a fixed temperature gradient.
  • Analyzing fluctuations of temperature, pressure tensor, and heat current.
  • Comparing nonequilibrium system-size scaling with equilibrium counterparts.

Main Results:

  • Mean-squared fluctuations in the NESS show distinct system-size scaling compared to equilibrium systems.
  • Large, nonlocal correlations of the normal stress were observed in this NESS.
  • These findings offer significant corrections to linearized Landau-Lifshitz fluctuating hydrodynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Nonequilibrium fluid dynamics exhibit unique fluctuation behaviors and correlations not found in equilibrium.
  • The identified nonlocal stress correlations are crucial for accurate hydrodynamic models in NESS.
  • This research advances the understanding of fundamental differences between equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.