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Fluctuation-response relation in nonequilibrium systems and active matter.

T R Kirkpatrick1, D Belitz2,3

  • 1University of Maryland, College Park, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Maryland 20742, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a general relation connecting microscopic correlations to macroscopic responses in many-body systems. This method works in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states, simplifying the observation of complex system dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding many-body systems requires relating microscopic interactions to macroscopic behavior.
  • Existing methods often struggle to connect correlations and responses, especially in nonequilibrium conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a general relation between correlation functions and response/relaxation functions.
  • To extend this relation to both equilibrium and nonequilibrium states.
  • To provide a method for observing microscopic correlations via macroscopic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dynamic equations to establish the correlation-response relation.
  • Applying linear expansion about nonequilibrium states.
  • Analyzing systems including fluids and active matter.

Main Results:

  • A general relation between correlation and response functions applicable in and out of equilibrium.
  • Demonstration that this relation holds even when standard commutator functions do not apply.
  • Successful illustration in diverse systems like fluids and active matter.

Conclusions:

  • The derived relation offers a powerful tool for studying many-body systems.
  • It simplifies the observation of microscopic correlations in complex scenarios.
  • The findings are broadly applicable across various physical systems.