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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Theoretical predictions in the 1980s indicated extraordinarily long-ranged correlations in non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of fluids.
  • These NESS correlations, confirmed experimentally, differ from equilibrium fluid correlations and are generic, existing at any temperature.
  • In equilibrium systems, long-ranged correlations imply rigidity and new propagating modes; this study explores if NESS fluids also exhibit rigidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of rigidity and anomalous transport behavior in fluids subjected to non-equilibrium steady states.
  • To demonstrate that generic long-ranged correlations in NESS fluids lead to observable rigidity.
  • To characterize the anomalous transport behavior in a simple fluid under a constant temperature gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of correlation functions in a non-equilibrium steady state.
  • Investigation of a simple fluid model subjected to a constant temperature gradient.
  • Extension of the analysis to consider the case of an elastic solid.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed that fluids in a NESS exhibit a type of rigidity due to long-ranged correlations.
  • Observed anomalous transport behavior in a simple fluid under a temperature gradient, manifesting as super-diffusive spread of temperature perturbations.
  • Predicted faster-than-ballistic spread in an elastic solid.

Conclusions:

  • Long-ranged correlations in NESS fluids imply a generic rigidity, analogous to equilibrium systems with broken symmetries.
  • This rigidity in NESS fluids leads to anomalous transport phenomena, exemplified by super-diffusive heat spread.
  • The findings suggest broader implications for understanding transport in systems far from equilibrium.