[Literature review: Diabetic macular edema. Repercussions and treatment]

In our country there is a report of prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the adult population of a 10%, occupying one of the first causes of morbidity-mortality, also visual and labor incapacity. Macular edema is the first cause of lost vision in the diabetic patient. There are classic methods to detect it, as the examination with biomicroscope, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorangiography (FAR), and the new and gold standard method for diagnostic and sequence examination, Ocular Coherence Tomography (OCT). With OCT had been possible the study of distinct types of macular edema, that could represent distinct clinical states, with specific treatments. The protocol of treatment of macular edema, continues changing. The traditional methods as metabolic control and fotocoagulation with Laser now have more options as intravitreal injection of triamcinolone, or antiangiogenic substances, even surgical treatment with vitrectomy. There are many prospective and randomized studies evaluating this methods, so until now is difficult to determine which treatment is the best.