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Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Effects of explicit knowledge and predictability on auditory distraction and target performance.

Caroline Max1, Andreas Widmann1, Erich Schröger1

  • 1Institute for Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|September 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Knowledge and task relevance significantly impact auditory distraction. Even predictable sounds can distract, but awareness of predictability reduces involuntary attention capture, affecting brain responses differently.

Keywords:
AttentionDistractionExplicit knowledgeImplicit knowledgeMismatch negativity (MMN)P3aPredictability

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Human Attention

Background:

  • Auditory distraction effects are influenced by task demands and prior knowledge.
  • Understanding how predictability and knowledge interact with involuntary attention is crucial for explaining distraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how task requirements and participant knowledge affect auditory distraction.
  • To examine the interplay between predictability, knowledge, and attention orienting using behavioral and neurophysiological measures.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a tone duration judgment task with predictable pitch changes in a tone sequence.
  • Behavioral data and event-related brain potentials (ERPs), including P3a and mismatch negativity (MMN), were recorded.
  • Task conditions varied participant knowledge about the predictability of the pitch change.

Main Results:

  • Predictable auditory deviants consistently caused behavioral distraction.
  • The P3a amplitude, reflecting involuntary attention, was largest when participants lacked knowledge of the sound sequence's predictability.
  • Mismatch negativity (MMN) was modulated by task relevance of regularity, not stimulus predictability alone.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge significantly influences involuntary attention orienting to predictable auditory distractors.
  • Task relevance, rather than predictability itself, modulates early neurophysiological markers of deviance detection (MMN).
  • Behavioral and neurophysiological measures of auditory distraction are not always concordant, highlighting complex interactions.