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Viral etiology in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis

Dilek Azkur1, Eda Özaydın, Emine Dibek-Mısırlıoğlu

  • 1Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. cankocabas@yahoo.com.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|September 22, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants. However, this study found that over half of infant bronchiolitis cases involve other respiratory viruses, highlighting the need for broader diagnostic approaches.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary identified cause.
  • Emerging evidence suggests other viruses also contribute to infant bronchiolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific respiratory viruses responsible for acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants.
  • To analyze the prevalence of different viral etiologies in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for viral detection.
  • Infants under two years hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis were enrolled.
  • Data collected from November 2011 to May 2012.

Main Results:

  • A total of 55 infants were studied, with 63 viruses detected.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified in 45.5% of cases.
  • Rhinovirus (16.4%) and human metapneumovirus (14.5%) were also significant contributors, with co-infections noted in 14.6% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • While RSV is the most frequent cause of infant bronchiolitis, a substantial proportion of cases are linked to other respiratory viruses.
  • These findings underscore the importance of considering a wider range of viral pathogens in diagnosing and managing acute bronchiolitis.

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