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Local and tissue-scale forces drive oriented junction growth during tissue extension.

Claudio Collinet1, Matteo Rauzi2, Pierre-François Lenne1

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Tissue extension during development relies on new junction growth, driven by cell contractions and external pulling forces. This process resembles polarized fluid flow, requiring coordinated local and tissue-scale forces for cell movement.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Convergence-extension is a key morphogenetic process involving polarized cell intercalation.
  • Epithelial intercalation in Drosophila involves junction remodeling, but the role of junction growth is unclear.
  • Previous research focused on junction shrinkage, leaving the mechanisms of tissue extension less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of junction growth in tissue convergence and extension.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving polarized junction remodeling during Drosophila germ band development.
  • To understand the interplay between local cellular forces and tissue-scale forces in morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized simulations and in vivo mechanical perturbations in Drosophila.
  • Analyzed epithelial cell intercalation and junction dynamics.
  • Investigated the contribution of actomyosin contractions and external forces.

Main Results:

  • Tissue convergence and extension strongly correlate with new junction growth, not shrinkage.
  • Junction growth is driven by local polarized stresses from medial actomyosin contractions.
  • Tissue-scale pulling forces from the posterior midgut actively orient junction growth and contribute to extension.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue extension is driven primarily by junction growth, akin to a polarized fluid flow.
  • Both local actomyosin-driven stresses and tissue-scale boundary forces are essential for directed cell displacement.
  • This study clarifies the dual role of junction remodeling in driving tissue morphogenesis.