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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Published on: January 12, 2022

Targeting interleukin-6 for noninfectious uveitis.

¹Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

|September 23, 2015

Summary

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key role in non-infectious uveitis. Therapies targeting IL-6 or its receptor show promise for treating these inflammatory eye conditions.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine involved in immune responses.
IL-6 contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders, including non-infectious uveitis.
Specific uveitic conditions linked to IL-6 include Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Behçet disease, and sarcoidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of IL-6 in immunity, focusing on its impact on immune cell differentiation.
To summarize the mechanisms of IL-6 signaling.
To review biologics targeting the IL-6 pathway for potential use in non-infectious uveitis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on IL-6 in immunity and uveitis.
Summary of research on IL-6 signaling pathways.
Compilation of data on biologics targeting IL-6 or its receptor.

Keywords:

B lymphocyte T lymphocyte autoimmunity interleukin-6 uveitis

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Main Results:

IL-6 influences Th17, Th1, and plasmablast differentiation.
Downstream mediators activated by IL-6 receptor complex binding are identified.
Several biologics targeting IL-6 (e.g., tocilizumab, sirukumab) and their clinical data are summarized.

Conclusions:

Anti-IL-6 therapy demonstrates potential efficacy in managing non-infectious uveitis.
The safety and side effect profiles of anti-IL-6 biologics are considered promising.
Targeting IL-6 represents a viable therapeutic strategy for non-infectious uveitis.