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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Digital Holography
    • 3D Imaging

    Background:

    • Optical scanning holography (OSH) relies on photodetector coherence properties.
    • Single-pixel detector size critically influences hologram coherence in OSH systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate coherent, partial coherent, and incoherent 3D imaging using a single-pixel digital holographic system.
    • To investigate the impact of single-pixel detector size on image quality and coherence properties in OSH.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental implementation of a single-pixel digital holographic recording system.
    • Systematic variation of the single-pixel detector's active area to achieve different coherence modes (coherent, partial coherent, incoherent).
    • Analysis of reconstructed 3D images for speckle noise, bright spots, and signal-to-noise ratio.

    Main Results:

    • Incoherent mode OSH (largest detector area) successfully retrieved 3D object location without speckle noise.
    • Partial coherent mode OSH (smaller detector area) resulted in significant speckles and bright spots.
    • Coherent mode OSH (vanishingly small pixel size) eliminated bright spots but retained speckle and exhibited low signal-to-noise ratio.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-pixel detector size is a key parameter for controlling coherence and image quality in OSH.
    • Incoherent mode OSH offers a viable path for speckle-free 3D imaging.
    • Further optimization is needed for coherent and partial coherent modes to mitigate speckle and improve signal-to-noise ratio.