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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Nanoparticles modulate autophagic effect in a dispersity-dependent manner.

Dengtong Huang1, Hualu Zhou1, Jinhao Gao1

  • 1The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

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|September 24, 2015
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Nanoparticles can trigger autophagy, a key cellular process, with aggregated forms showing a stronger effect. This discovery offers a new way to control autophagy by adjusting nanoparticle dispersity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Autophagy is crucial in human health and diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • Nanomaterials are known to induce autophagy, but mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Developing therapeutic autophagy regulators is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the general mechanism of nanoparticle-induced autophagy.
  • To demonstrate that nanoparticle dispersity reliably modulates autophagy.
  • To establish a new strategy for controlling autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized well-designed univariate experiments to investigate nanoparticle-induced autophagy.
  • Compared the autophagic effects of aggregated versus well-dispersed nanoparticles.
  • Investigated the roles of endocytosis and intracellular nanoparticle accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle-induced autophagy is dependent on nanoparticle dispersity.
  • Aggregated nanoparticles induce a significantly greater autophagic effect than dispersed ones.
  • Endocytosis and intracellular accumulation may explain the observed phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle dispersity is a critical factor in modulating autophagy.
  • Autophagic effect is a common cellular response to nanoparticles.
  • Tuning nanoparticle dispersity provides a novel method for autophagy modulation.