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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Rheology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Investigating viscoelastic fluid behavior in microfluidic devices is crucial for understanding complex flow phenomena.
  • Low Reynolds number flows in microgeometries are sensitive to fluid viscoelasticity and confinement effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally study viscoelastic fluid flow in a cross-slot microgeometry.
  • To determine the influence of polymer concentration and microchannel bounding walls on flow patterns and elastic instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized several viscoelastic fluids in a cross-slot microfluidic device.
  • Conducted experiments under low Reynolds number flow conditions.
  • Varied polymer solution concentration and channel aspect ratio (depth to width).

Main Results:

  • Concentrated polymer solutions showed flow bifurcation at a critical Weissenberg number (Wi), leading to steady asymmetric flow.
  • Elastic instability onset and type depended on channel aspect ratio and polymer concentration.
  • Higher aspect ratios (reduced wall effects) promoted two instabilities: steady asymmetric flow followed by time-dependent flow.
  • Decreasing aspect ratio stabilized the flow, delaying transitions to asymmetric and unsteady states.
  • Less concentrated solutions lacked the steady asymmetric instability, only exhibiting time-dependent flow instability.

Conclusions:

  • Microchannel bounding walls exert a significant stabilizing effect on viscoelastic flow instabilities.
  • Flow behavior transitions from steady asymmetric to time-dependent instabilities are tunable via channel geometry and fluid concentration.
  • The Weissenberg number serves as a critical parameter for predicting elastic instabilities in confined viscoelastic flows.