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The kilogram, the SI unit of mass, will soon be redefined using the Planck constant. This change may increase measurement uncertainties for calibration laboratories, impacting their reference standards.

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology and Measurement Science
  • Physical Constants
  • International System of Units (SI)

Background:

  • The kilogram is the last SI unit defined by a physical artifact, the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK).
  • Upcoming redefinition of the kilogram based on the Planck constant is nearing completion.
  • Current IPK-based realization introduces limitations in mass metrology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare legal metrology requirements for mass calibration laboratories post-kilogram redefinition.
  • To assess the impact of the redefinition on reference standards used by secondary calibration laboratories.
  • To evaluate the transition from artifact-based to constant-based mass unit realization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of current legal metrology standards for precision mass calibration.
  • Review of recommendations from the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM).
  • Comparative study of mass calibration capabilities before and after the kilogram redefinition.

Main Results:

  • The redefinition may lead to increased uncertainties passed from National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) to customers.
  • Potential impact on reference standards in secondary calibration laboratories is identified.
  • The shift to a Planck constant-based definition necessitates adjustments in metrological practices.

Conclusions:

  • The redefinition of the kilogram is a significant shift in fundamental metrology.
  • Calibration laboratories must adapt to potentially revised uncertainty budgets.
  • Ensuring seamless transition and maintaining measurement traceability are critical.