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Nutritional aspects of depression.

Undine E Lang, Christoph Beglinger, Nina Schweinfurth

    Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology
    |September 25, 2015
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    Diet and nutrition significantly impact depression risk and symptoms. Healthy foods may reduce depression, while Western diets increase risk. Nutritional interventions offer a promising, non-stigmatizing strategy for depression prevention and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience
    • Metabolic Disorders

    Background:

    • Dietary compounds influence the onset, maintenance, and severity of depressive disorders.
    • Nutritional factors may modulate depression biomarkers and are linked to obesity and diabetes.
    • Gut-brain circuits involve mediators of energy homeostasis and mood, including hormones, glucose metabolism, and microbiota.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the association between diet, nutrition, and depression.
    • To explore the potential of dietary and lifestyle interventions for depression.
    • To examine the role of specific nutrients and medications in depression treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent studies on nutritional compounds and depression.
    • Analysis of associations between healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and depression risk.
    • Examination of specific nutrients and medications investigated for antidepressant effects.

    Main Results:

    • Healthy foods (e.g., olive oil, fish, fruits, vegetables) are inversely associated with depression risk.
    • Western dietary patterns (e.g., processed foods, sweetened beverages) are linked to increased depression risk.
    • Specific nutrients (e.g., folate, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids) and certain metabolic disorder medications show potential in depression management.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary and lifestyle interventions are pragmatic, non-stigmatizing strategies for depression prevention and treatment.
    • Further research is needed to establish causal relationships, considering that dietary changes can be secondary to depression.
    • Nutritional compounds and repurposed medications represent emerging avenues for managing depressive symptoms.