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Permanency and the Foster Care System.

Katie K Lockwood1, Susan Friedman1, Cindy W Christian1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.

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Over 20,000 youth age out of the child welfare system annually without family permanency. This population faces significant risks, highlighting the need for improved interventions and support systems to ensure better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Welfare
  • Social Work
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Each year, over 20,000 youth exit the child welfare system without achieving permanent family placement.
  • Youth with extended foster care stays, disabilities, or those who are adolescents face the highest risk of aging out.
  • Aging out is associated with increased risks of incarceration, insecurity, unemployment, and mental health disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on child welfare legislation, permanency, outcomes, and interventions for youth aging out of foster care.
  • To identify effective strategies and future directions for improving permanency and post-care outcomes.
  • To underscore the societal and individual impact of failing to achieve permanency for these youth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on foster care legislation, permanency, outcomes, and interventions.
  • Analysis of existing research on the risks and challenges faced by youth aging out of the system.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose recommendations for policy and practice.

Main Results:

  • Children aging out of the child welfare system experience consistently poor outcomes.
  • Interventions such as training, extended foster care, tax credits, and specialized programs can enhance permanency.
  • Expanding mentoring, educational support, mental health services, and post-permanency support are crucial for stability.

Conclusions:

  • Failure to achieve family permanency for youth in the child welfare system leads to detrimental individual and societal consequences.
  • Targeted interventions and supportive services are essential to mitigate negative outcomes associated with aging out.
  • Proactive support throughout transitions can foster stability and improve long-term well-being for youth formerly in out-of-home care.