Theory and strategy for Pneumococcal vaccines in the elderly
Ho Namkoong1, Makoto Ishii1, Yohei Funatsu1
1a Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Medicine ; Keio University School of Medicine ; Tokyo , Japan.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|September 26, 2015
Summary
Pneumonia vaccination is crucial for the aging population. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) effectively reduces pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), supporting its use in the elderly.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of pneumonia, the fourth-leading global cause of death.
- The incidence of pneumococcal diseases is expected to rise with an aging population.
- The efficacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is debated, though it prevents invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
- To inform optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategies for the elderly, considering immunosenescence and evolving epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- The study references the CAPiTA clinical trial, which assessed the impact of PCV13 on vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
Main Results:
- The CAPiTA study demonstrated that PCV13 significantly reduced cases of vaccine-type CAP and IPD in the elderly population.
- These findings support the recommendation for initial vaccination with PCV13 in older adults.
Conclusions:
- PCV13 is effective in preventing both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by vaccine-type strains.
- Further research into immunosenescence and cost-effectiveness is necessary for refining vaccination strategies in the elderly.
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