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    This study presents a flexible white LED with high lumen efficiency (120 lm/W) and uniform light output, suitable for general lighting applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state lighting
    • Materials science
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Flexible electronics are gaining traction for novel applications.
    • Achieving high efficiency and uniform light output in flexible LEDs remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a flexible white LED structure with high lumen efficiency and uniform optical performance.
    • To optimize the design for general lighting applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Flip-chip LEDs were mounted on a polyimide substrate with copper conduction paths.
    • Yellow phosphors were mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for flexibility and support.
    • Optical simulations were used to optimize device design, including pitch and phosphor film thickness.

    Main Results:

    • The flexible white LED achieved a lumen efficiency of 120 lm/W.
    • 85% light output uniformity was obtained across the emission area.
    • Optimized design parameters for pitch and phosphor film thickness were determined.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed flexible white LED offers high lumen efficiency and uniform optical performance.
    • The device demonstrates good reliability, making it suitable for large-area general lighting fixtures.
    • This technology advances the integration of flexible lighting solutions.