Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

In Vitro Stimulation and Visualization of Extracellular Trap Release in Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages
08:08

In Vitro Stimulation and Visualization of Extracellular Trap Release in Differentiated Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages

Published on: November 1, 2019

10.7K

[TNF-α induces the release of high mobility group protein B1 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in

Ruike Wang1, Qinqin Zhang1, Shenghui Yang1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|September 27, 2015
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increases high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in microglial cells via p38 MAPK. A p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, suppressed this TNF-α-induced HMGB1 expression.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroinflammation
  • Cellular signaling pathways
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Microglial cells are key immune cells in the central nervous system.
  • High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is implicated in inflammatory responses.
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in TNF-α-induced HMGB1 expression in microglial cells.
  • To evaluate the effect of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on HMGB1 expression.

Main Methods:

  • Microglial cells were treated with TNF-α, SB203580, or both.
  • Protein levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and HMGB1 were measured using ELISA and Western Blot.
  • HMGB1 mRNA levels were assessed via RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • TNF-α significantly increased p-p38 MAPK and HMGB1 protein and mRNA levels in microglial cells.
  • Treatment with SB203580 effectively suppressed the TNF-α-induced upregulation of HMGB1 at both protein and mRNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • The p38 MAPK pathway is activated by TNF-α in microglial cells.
  • TNF-α upregulates HMGB1 expression in microglial cells through the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates09:12

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

16.9K
Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact11:29

Development of an Insert Co-culture System of Two Cellular Types in the Absence of Cell-Cell Contact

Published on: July 17, 2016

29.0K

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.3K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.9K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
9.2K
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

2.5K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.3K
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
89.0K