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Interference between postural control and spatial vs. non-spatial auditory reaction time tasks in older adults.

Susan I Fuhrman1, Mark S Redfern1,2, J Richard Jennings3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Vestibular Research : Equilibrium & Orientation
|September 28, 2015
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Summary

Spatial task demands increase dual-task interference, especially for older adults using vision to maintain balance. This highlights age-related differences in processing spatial information during complex tasks.

Keywords:
Postureagingdual-taskspatial orientationspatial task

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors Engineering

Background:

  • Dual-task interference occurs when performing two tasks simultaneously, impacting performance.
  • Spatial processing and postural control are crucial for daily activities and can be affected by aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spatial aspects of an information processing task affect dual-task interference in older and younger adults.
  • To examine the interplay between spatial tasks, visual input, and postural control.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy older and younger adults performed auditory choice reaction time tasks (spatial and non-spatial) concurrently with postural tasks.
  • Postural tasks involved standing with eyes open/closed on fixed or sway-referenced floors.
  • Reaction times and postural sway were measured to calculate task costs.

Main Results:

  • Dual-task interference increased with eye closure, sway-referenced flooring, and the spatial task.
  • A significant age interaction revealed that older adults showed greater visual-spatial interference when vision was used for postural control.
  • Younger adults experienced more interference on spatial tasks with eyes closed, while older adults showed increased interference on spatial tasks with eyes open.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial information processing contributes to dual-task interference, particularly in older adults.
  • Age-related differences exist in how visual-spatial information is integrated for postural control.
  • These findings suggest potential visual-spatial interference in older adults relying on vision for balance.